Pictorialist Photography Essay Example For Students

Pictorialist Photography Essay As photography developed in ubiquity, capable craftsmen understood that photography could be utilized as a way to communicate feelings or pass on a message, like works of art. After an extreme time of specialists attempting to carry photography into the universe of workmanship, it was at long last acknowledged as another and one of a kind refined craftsmanship. One of the principal photography developments to have been brought forth out of this period was the Pictorialist development. Flourishing in 1885 †1915, Pictorialism was the principle style in photography, where photos would normally seem to come up short on a sharp concentration and seem to have control upon the surface. Before long, it declined in fame in 1920, where another style of photography caught the eye of general society. At the point when the capacity to catch a picture and form it into a photo was developed, Pictorialism was one of the principal styles for photography. There is no evident source of this class yet that it started when individuals began to scrutinize the possibility of photography being just an approach to catch a picture, and not workmanship. Picture takers and specialists were disappointed at this thought and built up the Pictorialist style during the 1880s to counter this. We will compose a custom exposition on Pictorialist Photography explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Pictorialism is the point at which the picture taker controls the photo with the goal that it looks like how fine arts are made. Commonly, they need center and have obvious brush strokes on a superficial level, like a genuine artistic creation. They additionally combined various areas of various photos to make a composite picture which became ‘art’ using outer impacts. Pictorialism is additionally about utilizing photography as a way to make craftsmanship and pass on aesthetic components using tones, images and obscuring. It is an obscure term that is frequently bantered about by picture takers and craftsmen. Pictorialism has lastingly affected photography in general. It permitted the possibility that photography was not only a way to just catch a picture, but on the other hand was another approach to make a work of art. As one of the main photography kinds to show up, it has affected each other type after it through the manner in which the style controls negatives to make a last item †a work of art. Harold Cazneaux was a Pictorialist picture taker, conceived in 1878, 30th of March and living until 1953, nineteenth of June. He was an Australia picture taker who style majorly affected Australian photography history. Harold was conceived in Wellington, New Zealand where he entered many performance shows which displayed his photos in the windows of the Kodak Salon in Sydney. His photography was likewise highlighted in global shows composed by the London Salon of Photography and in the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain’s yearly salons. In 1916, he was the originator of the Pictorialist Sydney Camera Circle which comprised of six different picture takers. In 1937 he was the principal Australian to be presented a ‘Honorary Fellowship’ by the Royal Photographic Society. He was the official picture taker for a magazine called the ‘The Home’ from 1920 to 1941. Harold was likewise paid by Ure Smith for delivering pictures for a large number of Smith’s distributions, for example, Sydney Surfing and The Sydney Book. Harold additionally settled the Sydney Camera Circle where it primarily grasped the uniqueness of the Australian scene and light. ‘Peace after War and Memories’ is a photo taken by Harold Cazneaux which was created in 1918, right when World War I had finished. The picture has a quiet and loosening up state of mind with a splendid air that is made by the differentiation of the light and the foreboding shadows. Harold has set up this photo to be on a homestead, out in the outback by remembering the ponies and the rancher for the image with the stupendous scene. The beige tone of the picture distinguishes the photo as a ‘Australian’ scene. The profound enthusiastic nature of this picture is indicated thinks about Harold Cazneaux’s considerations about the war. .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .postImageUrl , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:visited , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:active { border:0!important; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:active , .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover { murkiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569 .fo cused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u8c9ee3583f48af844ce862c47329f569:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The History of and Impact of Photography on our World EssayHe is soothed and upbeat that the war has finished and realizes that the future will turn into a more joyful and tranquil time than it was at that point. He appreciates the Australian scene, particularly the outback and inclines toward that Australia is kept as a serene nation. This shows Harold himself is an individual that is peaceful and a loose natured man. Harold Cazneaux utilized the standard strategy of creating this picture however utilizing the Bromoil method to deliver the beige tone he required. First he took a preview on a simple camera at that point presented the film to the synth etics required. He made a silver gelatin print by utilizing an oil print method and afterward blanched his silver print in an answer of potassium bichromate. At long last he amplified his film with the picture onto the silver print and presented it to get his last item. Harmony after War and Memories is somewhat out of center in certain territories and has gotten some altering on the cloud to make it darker and improve the light complexity. The picture was likewise delivered with a beige tone applied to it to make an increasingly provincial look. These angles show this has a place with the Pictorialist development due to the on surface controls never really picture and the slight out of focal point of the photo. It is likewise like how a work of art would be given how the picture is set out. The situating of the rancher and the light getting away from the cloud is flawless in mirroring the tranquil state of mind and uses the standard of thirds to adjust the picture. The overwhelming mists with light getting away from a split speaks to the war that was seething on as of late has now halted and now expectation and harmony can flourish. The cultivating apparatuses represent how the residents of Australia must make a solid effort to reconstruct the nation against the results of World War I. The rancher is utilized to show a common individual from Australia who is seeing the beginning of another period of harmony and success after war. The wide scene that is drawn out and shown behind the rancher is appeared to recognize how Australia has a huge potential that can be excellent and stunning whenever sustained in tranquil occasions. Pictorialism is a significant sort in the early foundation of the photography development. Through the warmed discussions about whether photography is only a medium to catch picture or on the off chance that it very well may be a ‘art’, photography had the option to develop all in all and become much better in the part of craftsmanship. Harold Cazneaux is an Australian photographic artist who delivered the picture ‘Peace after War and Memories’ which is an astounding and passionate picture that depicts the consummation of a war and the splendid future that will occur as Australians make a solid effort to accomplish. Utilizing photographic control and methods to accomplish his last item, Harold has precisely caught Australia and its scene perfectly. List of sources: https://www.nla.gov.au/chose library-assortments/harold-cazneaux-assortment, National Library of Australia, Cazneaux Collection, 5/7/15 http://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/assortment/works/117.1975/, Craftsmanship Gallery NSW, Harold Cazneaux Collection, 5/7/15 http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/harold-cazneaux, Australia Gov Au, Harold Cazneaux, 5/7/15 http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/pict/hd_pict.htm, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Pictorialist Genre 4/7/15 http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/subject/752375/Pictorialism, Reference book Britannia, Pictorialism, 4/7/15

Market Louis Vuitton on Social Network Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Market Louis Vuitton on Social Network - Essay Example Diagram of the Company Established in 1854, the brand Louis Vuitton was opened by architect Louis Vuitton who entered the workmanship hover by making travel embellishments yet before long started investigating the business of style, which lead him to make his imprint as a top notch design brand. Be that as it may, LV is as yet known for its top notch satchels and gear assortment. Louis Vuitton has more than 300 outlets in more than 500 nations surpassing the brand estimation of both Prada and Gucci. Louis Vuitton is considered among the best 100 brands of the world, with a higher positioning than other worldwide brands including Pizza Hut, MTV, Apple, Adidas and Chanel (Haig, 2011). Such is the estimation of Louis Vuitton that its trademark is consequently enlisted alongside its trademark designs. Certain examples and style of totes are exemplary LV style, for example, the beige and earthy colored checker configuration known as the Daimer, which is one of the chief plans by Louis Vui tton. Louis Vuitton works as a significant brand with in excess of sixty sub-brands opened under it, including Taug Heuer, Givenchy, Emilio Pucci Parfums, and Marc Jacobs and so on. Each brand is considered as the excellent brand in its classification and is related with extravagance and quality (LMVH, 2012). The brand has been said to build up its quality as a top extravagance brand through the system of big name underwriting. The primary big name underwriting of Louis Vuitton happened through Empress Euigine, Napoleon’s spouse who cherished the brand and its quality. The Empress turned into an image for Louis Vuitton that was later carried on by other driving superstars including Audrey Hepburn and Jennifer Lopez. At the present time, the brand represetative for Loius Vuitton is Angelina Jolie who keeps on being captured with Louis Vuitton totes. History of Louis Vuitton Louis Vuitton started as a... Louis Vuitton works as a significant brand with in excess of sixty sub-brands opened under it, including Taug Heuer, Givenchy, Emilio Pucci Parfums, and Marc Jacobs and so on. Each brand is considered as the exceptional brand in its class and is related with extravagance and quality (LMVH, 2012). The brand has been said to build up its essence as a top extravagance brand through the technique of big name underwriting. The principal big name support of Louis Vuitton happened through Empress Euigine, Napoleon’s spouse who cherished the brand and its quality. The Empress turned into an image for Louis Vuitton that was later carried on by other driving famous people including Audrey Hepburn and Jennifer Lopez. At the present time, the brand diplomat for Loius Vuitton is Angelina Jolie who keeps on being shot with Louis Vuitton totes. History of Louis Vuitton Louis Vuitton started as a baggage architect in 1854 in Paris. Understanding the requirement for an adjustment in the structure of the HJ Cave’s adjusted top trunks; Louis Vuitton thought of level base trunks that permitted to better stockpiling and strength. From the earliest starting point, Louis Vuitton created itself as an image of value and its items were related with the rich and the first class. So as to keep others from duplicating the structures, the creator consistently redesigned his plans and examples to keep up enthusiasm for the brand (Condora, 2008). With time, Louis Vuitton expanded into other travel extras including totes, grips and other little baggage pieces.

Aliens, Bitcoin, Camps

Aliens, Bitcoin, Camps The blogs have been pretty quiet for the last week. Most of our bloggers are home, with some recently graduated, or have just begun work and UROPs. Meanwhile, the admissions team has been attending conferences, picking up long-dormant projects, and starting new initiatives. Im currently at nerd camp, but anytime the blogs go unblogged for too long, I get antsy, so I wanted to make a quick post and point your attention at two things. First: some of you may follow alien/human (and MIT PhD student) @jonnysun on Twitter. If you dont, you should; his persona, and associated art projects (like @tinycarebot), are earnest, lovely things in the world. Jonny was also just profiled in the New York Times  on the occasion of the publication of his new book (!!!),  Everyones a Aliebn When Ur a Aliebn Too: A Book. everyone’s a aliebn when ur a aliebn too is the illustrated story of a lonely alien sent to observe Earth, only to meet all sorts of creatures with all sorts of perspectives on life, love, and happiness, all while learning to feel a little better about being an alienâ€"based on the enormously popular Twitter account, @jonnysun. Here is the unforgettable story of Jomny, a lonely alien who, for the first time ever, finds a home on our planet after learning that earthlings can feel lonely too. Jomny finds friendship in a bear tired of other creatures running away in fear, an egg struggling to decide what to hatch into, an owl working its way to being wise, a tree feeling stuck in one place, a tadpole coming to terms with turning into a frog, a dying ghost, a workaholic beaver, a puppy unable to express itself, and many more. Through this story of a lost, lonely and confused alien finding friendship, acceptance, and love among the creatures of Earth, we will all learn how to be a little more human. And for all us earth-bound creatures here on this planet, we can all be reminded that sometimes, it takes an outsider to help us see ourselves for who we truly are. This is what the book looks like. Its not the one on my desk, because Im at nerd camp, not at my desk. But trust me, it looks like this, and you should have it on your desk, too, because its lovely. Second: some of you may remember (or know of) the MIT Digital Currency Initiative and the associated project to distribute free Bitcoin among MIT undergraduates to see how they used it. That initiative is beginning to bear fruit in the form of scholarly research published to blockchain.mit.edu. Professor Christian Catalini, the professor leading the research team, recently gave a talk on the project and what theyve learned from the MIT experiment; Ive embedded it below. When I come back I plan to post the blogger application by July 1, so stay tuned! Post Tagged #Bitcoin #MIT Digital Currency Initiative

Article Report On How On Start A Consulting Business

The article posted by http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/41384. The title of the article is â€Å"How to Start a Consulting Business† Obviously like most people I was reading one day and happened across this article. This article had a lot of information and really had me turning my gears. Here is a bit of information that compelled me to want to do more and to do this business feasibility plan. In 1997 U.S. businesses spent just over $12 billion on consulting. According to Anna Flowers, spokesperson for the Association of Professional Consultants in Irvine, California, the association has recently noticed an increase in calls for information from people who want to get into the business. Melinda P., an independent consultant in Arlington, Virginia, thinks more people are getting into the consulting field because technology has made it easier to do so. The same technology that has helped me to be successful as a consultant has made it easier for others to do the same, she says. A consultant s job is to consult. Nothing more, nothing less. It s that simple. I had been quite nervous for some time with giving advice and getting paid for it, what if I’m wrong? This article helped me understand this was what I was doing already and that by focusing on this solely I could enhance the information and get paid accordingly. There s no magic formula or secret that makes one consultant more successful than another one. There was a lot more and I have reviewed this article a massShow MoreRelatedBusiness Types And A Proposed Staffing Plan1730 Words   |  7 Pagesearning a stable income or spending retirement on a free enterprise venture can impact livable means. In this assignment, business types and a proposed staffing plan will be defined. A financial plan will be outlined to ensure compliance with regulatory rules are in place. My passion for unexplained hair loss in African Americans led me to the startup of Hair and Scalp Consulting. 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The Journey in Children’s Fantasy Fiction - 1334 Words

There Back Again: Analysing The Journey in Children’s Fantasy Fiction in regards to the Escapism Debate So many children’s fantasy fiction stories began as larks, extempore creations for their delight, and were written down and published by chance – Lewis Carroll invented Alice In Wonderland (1865) simply to amuse Alice Liddell while boating one ‘golden afternoon’, while Neil Gaiman originally started writing Coraline (2002) for his daughter Holly because she liked scary stories. So much so, that a dominant trope of this genre is its seeming literary insignificance. Indeed, by resting chiefly on the assumption that children’s fantasy fiction is set in unrealistic secondary worlds which encourage young readers to avoid confronting real-life tensions and problems, the genre is often construed as having no higher purpose than being primarily and pejoratively escapist. 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Road to Dreams Free Essays

Life has always been about making choices. We are brought to a realization that the choices we make in life would either make or break us. The past year has been an adventure for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Road to Dreams or any similar topic only for you Order Now I was able to experience new and exciting things that were beneficial in my growth and maturity as an individual. For the past few years, I became interested in rendering service to my community. Children became my weakness, and I paid close attention to children who did not have much in life. As a weakness, I deal with children who have special needs. I make sure that I give these children a memorable time, especially for those who are terminally ill. This is the same service that I offer the elderly, so that I may give them a comfortable life. These are some of the experiences that inspire me to become better with my craft and make a difference. The different experiences and the difference I could make with my passion for children would definitely help improve the quality of service that would be given to Christ Hospital College Community. I started working and interacting with children a few years ago. Equipped with an open mind and eagerness to succeed, I embarked on my quest to fulfill these challenges. For each case that I encountered, I made sure that I was prepared to become the best individual that I can be. My exposure to the children made me realize that there was more to life than just heartaches. Our close encounter with each other made us appreciate the little things that life had to offer. In their own little way, these children showed me the importance of life, and how important it is to have a strong will in life. Such characteristics were necessary in order to become successful in life. Our Wednesdays were spent in the sensory room, where we would take the time and effort to sit on an exercise ball. This may sound easy for many, but for these kids who are feeling weak physically, this is much effort. A goal was set for each week, and together, we would try and reach those goals. We were fortunate enough to have them accomplished, making us a step closer to our goals. I noticed that these kids were willing to give their best in order to improve themselves and feel better. I was once given the opportunity to go on a trip to Give Kids the World Village in Disney World. The foundation granted the wishes of children who had life threatening diseases. I have achieved a strong work ethic while spending time with these children they helped me reach a personal experience that I will always keep with me. I was scared at first, for I could not imagine risking the children experience relapses. For every ride that we went to, I saw the genuine happiness from these kids that I have never seen before. I became more opened to the realities that life had to offer. Being involved in the medical field became more than just a dream – it was a passion that I wanted to continue as I grew older. Working with adults never became a hindrance from my end. In fact, I became more determined than ever to indulge into the said field, where I believe I can accomplish my hopes and dreams. In addition to this, I had numerous experiences that would come as an advantage to my career. These could be employed as my backbone, especially when dealing with different kinds of people. My goals in life do not end after college. I would continue to promote good health and care for people around me, as I age and mature. In addition to this, I would keep myself updated with medical advancements, so that I may be able to apply these in my profession. Furthermore, I believe that I have what it takes to become successful in this field. Aside from my dedication and commitment to this field, I also have the heart those who are in need. I believe that this is my greatest strength in becoming an effective member of the health care team.   Life is indeed filled with different choices, and this was one I took to reach the road towards   my dreams    How to cite Road to Dreams, Papers

Tata Nano Marketing free essay sample

Falling GDP usually means falling purchasing power. According to (Euromonitor International, 2009), two or more consecutive quarters of negative real GDP growth indicate a recession. Appendix A shows that US Real GDP had been experiencing persistent negative growth since 2007. 2. 3 Unemployment: Higher unemployment will act as a hurdle to Tatas Nanos success in US by reducing disposable income and therefore demand. Slow down in the housing sector has slowed down the construction industry and led to Job cuts. With 82000 Job cuts in the construction industry alone in November 2008, the US unemployment rate stood at . % which is the highest in 16 years (Euromonitor International, 2009). 2. 4 Fiscal Policies: To boost Americas ailing economy, the government has introduced the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. According to Euromonitor International (2009), this stimulus package is the biggest ever in US history including tax breaks and ambitious spending. The breakdown of th e fiscal package is given in Appendix B. We will write a custom essay sample on Tata Nano Marketing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is of great interest to Tatas marketers since it promotes demand, growth and consumer confidence and will improve the market for Tatas Nano. The US consumer market is the worlds largest. This is attractive to marketers since it implies a significant market for products. However, according to Euromonitor International (2008), consumer expenditure has fallen sharply since the last quarter of 2007 with consumer confidence at a 16 year low. Falling consumer confidence reduces consumer expenditure and the demand for products like Tatas Nano. 2. 6 Income, Expenditure and Savings: Harsh credit and employment conditions meant incomes were no longer enough to cover expenditures. Consequently Americans had to draw on their savings which repercussions, as Americans may not have adequate savings to purchase the Nano in he future. Appendix C illustrates the relationship between income, expenditure and savings between 2001 and 2007. 2. 7 Income distribution: Income is mainly distributed between three major groups in the US. According to Euromonitor International (2008), Baby Boomers, aged 45-59 years, are the highest earning consumer segment earning between USD 48000-84000 annually, with a refuse to age attitude. Spending often on children and grand children they would be a lucrative market for Tatas Nano. The second biggest demographic segment is approximately 36 years in age, earns about USD 60000 annually and accounts for a arge proportion of the population. Third is the age-group 24-32, which accounts for 15% of the total population and is important for its size, though not for its income. A breakdown of income distribution is given in Appendix D. 2. 8 BOP: The persistently deficit US current account reached its peak of USD 901,878 million in 2008 (Euromonitor International, 2009). This is a drawback especially for companies like Tata planning to export to the US since it increases the likelihood of a sudden depreciation of the dollar to reduce the BOP deficit. Foreign companies with investments in the US will buy less foreign dominated currencies. Exporting companies will experience a fall in demand for their goods as the products become more expensive for US consumers with the depreciation of the dollar. 3. 0 Cultural Environment: This section analyzes the consumers perceptions and behaviour towards their environment. A countrys culture encompasses knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society (Nakata Huang as cited in Yaprak, 2008). Geert Hofstede first introduced cultural dimensions into contemporary business literature.

Babys Day Out and the Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example

Babys Day Out and the Ransom of Red Chief Essay Example Babys Day Out and the Ransom of Red Chief Essay Babys Day Out and the Ransom of Red Chief Essay These two stories are in some ways alike and then in some ways different. I will first discuss the ways they are alike. The first way they are alike, is that in both the stories the kidnappers want money, and they intend to get it by kidnapping young children of wealthy parents. Both the kidnappers figured that by kidnapping these rich kids they could get more money. Another way both of the kidnappings were the same was that both of the children caused the kidnappers some kind of grief. The kidnappings are the same in yet another way two, In the end both of the kidnappers don’t get the money. Now I will discuss the ways that these two stories are different. The first is that there is a big age difference between the two children. Also The parents of the child in Baby’s Day Out actually wanted there child back, whereas the parent of the other didn’t want him back. The child in Baby’s Day Out was greatly loved by his parent’s and they would do anything to get him back. The baby from Baby’s Day Out was just a baby , he did not mean to cause trouble. The other child was just a natural born trouble maker. As you can see these stories are both alike, and in some ways not alike. I think that there are very good reasons as to why these stories are alike, and then how they are different. I think that these stories are more different than they are alike. I really enjoyed reading the book, and watching the movie. i hope that we can do more projects like this one.

Olbers Paradox - Why the Night Sky Is Dark

Olbers' Paradox - Why the Night Sky Is Dark Question: What Is Olbers Paradox? Why Is Space Dark? Why Is the Night Sky Dark? The universe is so vast (even if not infinite) that no matter which direction we look, we should see a star. If this were the case, then the whole night sky should be nothing but a giant sheet of starlight. This begs the question: Why is the night sky dark? Answer: When I first heard of this paradox, it didnt strike me as something that was really much of a concern. After all, distant stars and galaxies are just so faint that we cant see them with the naked eye, right? Doesnt that alone resolve the paradox? Actually, it turns out that even when you consider that distant stars are fainter, there should still be so many stars that theyd overall be fairly bright. Because each little area of space represents more and more volume of space the further out you go. If you assume a vaguely even distribution of stars throughout the universe, there would still be plenty of light in each little patch to readily light up the night sky. So what prevents it? The paradox rests on the idea of a static and infinite (or nearly infinite) universe. It turns out that while our universe is extremely big, its nowhere near that large. or static. We know this because of the evidence supporting the Big Bang. Because the universe had an origin and is expanding, there is a definite horizon to how far we can see. When we look at a given section of the nights sky, we are not looking infinitely far into space, but a mere 13 or so billion light-years out. Beyond that, theres nothing else to see, except for the faint glow (invisible to the naked eye) of the cosmic microwave background radiation. That is part of why the night sky is dark   because there just isnt enough space and time for this particular paradox to have the room it needs to light up the night sky. Another reason is because space isnt an empty void. While the pressure in space is much lower than that within the atmosphere, its not devoid of ions, atoms, and molecules. These particles can absorb light, as well as scatter it. You can think of space as a dusty  cloud thats almost infinitely thick. Its so thick, not that much light makes it all the way to us. Other reasons for space to be dark include: Some of the stars line up, so their light is hidden behind closer stars and other bodies.The expanding universe red-shifts light from distant stars so their light is outside of the visible spectrum.The universe is young, so light from distant stars hasnt had time to reach us yet. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

See Description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

See Description - Research Paper Example The paper would be critically looking at the ‘Child Protection Agency’ to find how successful it has been in tackling the challenges of the time. The welfare of the children has long been considered as the sole concern of the parents and the family with little intervention from the government. In the olden times, the corporal punishment inflicted on children was taken as justified actions of the father or parents and there was huge exploitation of children in the cases of inheritance, property cases and custodian rights. In the later 19th century, the English Common Law was introduced to include the inheritance and property cases and later expanded to take into account the wider interests of the children through Custody of Infants Act. The American colonies of 18th century followed the English Laws and especially emphasized two aspects of children related policies: ‘the common law rules of family government; and the traditions and child-care practices of the Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601’ (Thomas, p. 299). In 1875, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) was founded in New York. It was dominated by the white population and targeted black families that resulted in huge number of black children separated from their family. In 1909, the White House acknowledged that ‘home life is the highest and finest product of civilization. It is the great molding force of mind and of character’(Tanenhaus, p. 550). Thus, the 20th century say dramatic shift in the outlook of children’s protection that was shifted from the family and private child protection services to government sponsored agencies with tremendous changes in the overall perspective to the children’s welfare. In 1912, Children’s Bureau was established to manage children’s welfare of the federal government. Social Security Act in 1958 made it a state subject and mandated funding of the child protection efforts

Walt Disney Cartoons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Walt Disney Cartoons - Essay Example The heroines are empowered in their actions, and idealized beauty is affirmed by their dressing. In this light, the texts form part of the popular discourse of femininity which encourages women to internalize gendered body norms. Women want to expose themselves in order to achieve the feminine character contained in the movies. These body styles are privileged since they adhere to the contemporary norms of feminism contained in the films. The Little Mermaid and Beauty and the Beast introduce oppressive power structures which produce the desires claimed in the movies. In The Little Mermaid, the girls are constantly posing and preening themselves, and their main function is to entertain the king. This can be considered an oppressive and objectifying presentation of women (Baker and Raney, 2007). The male characters are presented in a possessive form in these movies. In The Little Mermaid, King Triton is portrayed as portrayed as an authority figure that has to be entertained by the gir ls through song and dance. Ariel is chastised and forbidden to make outside contracts by the king. Triton acts as a patriarchic figure and has confined Ariel from her aspirations. Gaston tells Belle that women should be banned from reading or having ideas (Budd, 2005). Gaston consider Belle an accessory that he should have and does not chase her out of love. The heroines are dominated by the male figures portraying their qualities of authenticity and self-determination. The male characters have objectifying gazes of sexual desires towards the heroines. These characters portray female characters as dependent people dominated by the male figures in the society (Budd, 2005). Female figures in the cartoons such as Ariel pose with... Cartoons and animated movies have taken the center stage in the current entertainment industry. Children and teens spend much of their time watching these movies and are likely to develop negative traits and attitudes due to the message contained in them. Sexism is evident in the way women and girls are portrayed. Cartoon creators portray women as unhappy and have to seek the right man in order to find happiness. Their dressing is usually scanty exposing significant amount of skin. The homosexuals are secluded and experience violence and hostility from other characters. This has a negative impact on homosexuals in the society watching these cartoons and other children develop negative attitudes towards homosexuals. Walt Disney has existed in the entertainment industry since the 1930s and has produced several animated cartoon movies. These movies are based on the activities evident in the society. The female characters are presented as sexist by dressing them scantily in order to expose their bodies. They are given less important roles in the movies than their male counterparts. Their presentation in these movies portrays them as sexual objects that have to depend on men. Male characters are given administrative roles and work in the cities while women perform household duties. Whites are usually given good traits and are at the highest point in the social structure. Minorities such as African Americans and Arabs have negative traits and participate in activities that are cruel or inhuman. Homophobia exists where homosexual characters have negative roles and have leadership inabilities. Therefore, Disney cartoons can classified as racist, sexist and homophobic.

Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education Essay -- Educational Bud

Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education ABSTRACT: Many articles and books on Buddhism have been published in recent years, but publications dealing with Buddhist educational views are rarely available. In this paper, I wish to expound on Zen Buddhist perspectives on modern education. The history of Buddhist education is long and complex. In early centuries (400 BCE- 800 CE), Buddhist monasteries in India and China functioned as educational centers where vinaya, sutras and other subjects were taught. Many men and women were refugees from social injustice and the sangha provided them with education, security and dignity. Spirituality and pedantry were always combined in Buddhist education. But from a Zen perspective, modern education has become an occupational training program to promote financial interest. Capitalism, science and technology have formed a new world view; to wit, occupational training has become more essential to one's way of living than the spiritual quest. Today, most students are concerned with finding fin ancial stability and material gain. Against this trend, Zen education encourages students to seek spiritual stability. Because of Buddha nature, this is a natural human inclination, while not everyone is talented to become a computer specialist or an investment banker. Zen education guides students to grasp the "twist and turn" of the samsaric world, teaching them to be compassionate, understanding, patient listeners and well-balanced individuals. Many articles and books on Buddhism have been published in recent years, but publications dealing with Buddhist educational views are rarely available. In this paper, I wish to expound on Zen Buddhist perspectives on modern education. In the first section... ...nd appreciate ordinary things to fulfill the other missing fifty percent. Learning, then, becomes more complete. Notes (1) Bapat, P. V. 2500 Years in Buddhism. (New Delhi: Government of India, 1956), p. 158. (2) Ibid., p. 162. (3) Ibid., p. 165. (4) Chen, Kenneth. Buddhism in China. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 43. (5) Ibid., p. 44. (6) Ibid., p. 83. (7) Lin chi. The Record of Lin Chi. tr. Ruth F. Sasaki. (Kyoto, Japan: The Institute for Zen Studies, 1975), p. 14. (8) Hosaka, Gyokusen. Zen no yotei. [ Secret of Zen] (Tokyo: Kyoiku shincho sha, 1968), p. 57. (9) Ibid. (10) Merton, Thomas. Zen and the Birds of Appetite. (New York: New Directions, 1968), p. 31. (11) Pang yun. The Recorded Sayings of Layman Pang: A Nineth-Century Zen Classic. tr. Ruth F. Sasaki. (New York: Weatherhill, 1971), p. 46. Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education Essay -- Educational Bud Zen Buddhist Perspectives on Modern Education ABSTRACT: Many articles and books on Buddhism have been published in recent years, but publications dealing with Buddhist educational views are rarely available. In this paper, I wish to expound on Zen Buddhist perspectives on modern education. The history of Buddhist education is long and complex. In early centuries (400 BCE- 800 CE), Buddhist monasteries in India and China functioned as educational centers where vinaya, sutras and other subjects were taught. Many men and women were refugees from social injustice and the sangha provided them with education, security and dignity. Spirituality and pedantry were always combined in Buddhist education. But from a Zen perspective, modern education has become an occupational training program to promote financial interest. Capitalism, science and technology have formed a new world view; to wit, occupational training has become more essential to one's way of living than the spiritual quest. Today, most students are concerned with finding fin ancial stability and material gain. Against this trend, Zen education encourages students to seek spiritual stability. Because of Buddha nature, this is a natural human inclination, while not everyone is talented to become a computer specialist or an investment banker. Zen education guides students to grasp the "twist and turn" of the samsaric world, teaching them to be compassionate, understanding, patient listeners and well-balanced individuals. Many articles and books on Buddhism have been published in recent years, but publications dealing with Buddhist educational views are rarely available. In this paper, I wish to expound on Zen Buddhist perspectives on modern education. In the first section... ...nd appreciate ordinary things to fulfill the other missing fifty percent. Learning, then, becomes more complete. Notes (1) Bapat, P. V. 2500 Years in Buddhism. (New Delhi: Government of India, 1956), p. 158. (2) Ibid., p. 162. (3) Ibid., p. 165. (4) Chen, Kenneth. Buddhism in China. (Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993), p. 43. (5) Ibid., p. 44. (6) Ibid., p. 83. (7) Lin chi. The Record of Lin Chi. tr. Ruth F. Sasaki. (Kyoto, Japan: The Institute for Zen Studies, 1975), p. 14. (8) Hosaka, Gyokusen. Zen no yotei. [ Secret of Zen] (Tokyo: Kyoiku shincho sha, 1968), p. 57. (9) Ibid. (10) Merton, Thomas. Zen and the Birds of Appetite. (New York: New Directions, 1968), p. 31. (11) Pang yun. The Recorded Sayings of Layman Pang: A Nineth-Century Zen Classic. tr. Ruth F. Sasaki. (New York: Weatherhill, 1971), p. 46.

Assignment 2- Database Modeling and Normalization

Assignment 2- Database Modeling and Normalization Dr. Amir Afzal Strayer University- CIS 515 August 7, 2012 Abstract Selling high end electronics is big business and being a commissioned employee in that field if your sales are up means big money. Prices for electronics range from the low hundreds into the thousands. It really depends on the person style, specifications they are looking for, trust in the brand, and the depth of their pockets, how much a person is willing to spend for example on a that high definition led plasma television that is 52 inches.No matter the cost, businesses want to keep a track of the sales of their employees and how much they are getting paid. In this case a high-end electronics store wants to streamline data processing to enable them to help determine the commissions paid to employees. Assignment 2- Database Modeling and Normalization Streamlining processes allows information to be available to users across the system. In order for the finance departme nt to be able to find the commission paid to employee’s information that maybe held by other departments such as human resources will be needed.Once the database is complete and has all the information such as: employee first and last name, employee ID, yearly salary, commission rate, department, etc, the finance department can then being to generate that information. In this case a query is designed to allow the finance department to determine commissions paid to employees of specific departments. That code will be compared to the code that would show how much total compensation is paid to each employee monthly. Lastly it will be described how Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources.Methods After information is gathered about the employee; most of what was mentioned before, and input into the system a query can be designed to pull that information from the tables. In order to pull information from tables the SEL ECT function is used to determine the information that is needed and the FROM function tells from what tables to pull it (Coronel, Morris & Rob, 2012). The coding that was used to find information on commissions paid to employees was: SELECT Employee. * FROM Employee, Invoice WHERE (DepartmentID =2);The asterisk next to employees indicates that all the information under the employee table was used to generate the search. In this query information was pulled from the employee and invoice tables. The WHERE function more specifically states the department which can be changed and it would generate new information. The query currently only shows employee commission information for employees who work in department two (see attachment). If the finance department wanted to find the total compensation paid to each employee in the same month as the first query a slightly different query would be run to generate that information.The first code simply pulled the information and did not include and computation because the finance department only requested to be able to determine as in pull up the record for employee’s commission paid. The second code will include computation which will divide the yearly salary by twelve months then multiples the commission rate by the total amount of product sold and lastly add those two numbers together to get the total compensation for that month. Unfortunately the coding that I am using is not generating a proper result.However, it should look something like this: SELECT Employee. EmpNumber, Employee. EmpFirstName, Employee. EmpLastName, Employee. YrlySalary, Invoice. InvAmount, Invoice. InvDate, Employee. CommissionRate FROM Employee INNER JOIN Invoice ON Employee. EmpNumber = Invoice. EmpNumber WHERE (DepartmentID=2);, it is missing the computation part. Big Data could be used to assist in productivity and forecasting of organizations product and resources because it takes â€Å"large pools of data that can be brought togethe r and analyzed to discern patterns and make better decisions†.It â€Å"enhanc[es] productivity and creat[es] significant value for the world economy by reducing waste and increasing the quality of products and services (Mcguire, 2012). Additionally, Big Data adds â€Å"value by making information transparent†¦ â€Å"store more transactional data in digital form†, and develop the next generation of products and services† (Mcguire, 2012). That last aspect of Big Data allows â€Å"manufacturers are using data obtained from sensors embedded in products to create innovative after-sales service offerings such as proactive maintenance to avoid failures in new products (Mcguire, 2012).References Coronel, C. , Morris, S. , & Rob, P. (2012). Database systems. (10th ed. ). Independence, KY: Cengage. Mcguire, T. (2012, July). Why big data is the new competitive advantage. Retrieved from http://www. iveybusinessjournal. com/topics/strategy/why-big-data-is-the-new-compe titive-advantage Appendix A Appendix B | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Understanding Sexual Dimorphism

Sexual dimorphism is the difference in morphology between male and female members of the same species. Sexual dimorphism includes differences in size, coloration, or body structure between the sexes. For example, the male northern cardinal has a bright red plumage while the female has a duller plumage. Male lions  have a mane, female lions do not. Examples of Sexual Dimorphism Male elk (Cervus canadensis) grow antlers, while female elk do not have antlers.Male elephant seals (Mirounga sp.) develop an elongated snout and fleshy nose that they inflate as a sign of aggression when competing with other males during the mating season.Male birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) are noted for their elaborate plumage and complex mating dances. Females are far less ornate. In most cases, when size differences exist between the male and female of a species, it is the male that is the larger of the two sexes. But in a few species, such as birds of prey and owls, the female is the larger of the sexes and such a size difference is referred to as reverse sexual dimorphism. One rather extreme case of reverse sexual dimorphism exists in a species of deepwater anglerfish called the triplewart seadevils (Cryptopsaras couesii). The female triplewart seadevil grows much larger than the male and develops the characteristic illicium that serves as a lure to prey. The male, about one-tenth the size of the female, attaches itself to the female as a parasite. Resources and Further Reading Folkens P. 2002. National Audubon Society Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. New York: Alfred A. Knopff.

The Psychology of the Employment Relationship Free Essay Example, 1750 words

As per the meaning of the term, psychological contract, it is the implicit contract of understandings between the organization and the workers as they relate to both the expectations of the employees and the obligations of the employer (Emott, 2006). When employees are being selected for the leadership programme the psychological contract is bound to be affected in some way. Guest (2004) takes an even wider view of the contract in such situations where new bonds are being formed and firmly recommends that the full understanding of the psychological contract should incorporate fairness to both parties and mutual trust. This was difficult to achieve in this case because the takeover was still fresh and managers and employees from both the companies had little time to create implicit bonds. As Hendry and Jenkins (1997) suggest since the contract is implicit, it is difficult to judge how it will be impacted with changes in the company, but at the same time, it is important to consider t he psychological contract before any change is announced to the workers. Impact on the Psychological ContractThe first case of employees who wanted to and have been selected is easy to explain in terms of the psychological contract. We will write a custom essay sample on The Psychology of the Employment Relationship or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The company displayed its trust in the employee; the employee expected the trust to be shown and that employees can be further expected to act at a higher performance level than before. The employee can be expected to show a greater amount of commitment to the company, be more satisfied with the new position and have a stronger intention of staying on with the company despite all the changes which were coming. However, there is one case in which the psychological contract might be affected negatively i. e. if the employee considers inclusion in the program to be only a reward for their previous performance.

Literature Review on Dreams Sigmund Freuds Psychoanalysis

Literature Review on Dreams: Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis Freud initiated a therapy called psychoanalysis towards helping patients overcome mental problems, using an in depth analyze of a patient’s dream. Freudian psychoanalysis assumes that dreams fulfill a certain function. Freud considers dreams as a mental activity also experienced by our ancestors. The mind begins to disconnect from the external world during sleep but remains in an instinctual state. The mind protects the sleeper from disturbances by manufacturing dreams that satisfy unconscious desires (Freud, 1900:  §V, C, p.234). Therefore unconscious content becomes conscious even though the content is distorted. Dreams allow for the id’s satisfaction without causing†¦show more content†¦Freud also believed there were two parts that dreams are composed of, the manifest and latent content. The manifest content to the individually can be emotionally painful rather than fulfillment. Freud suggests that the individual would wake if it were too disturbing ther efore dreams can operate contrarily from allowing the sleeping individual to divert from the id’s true desires. Therefore the manifest content possesses no meaning due to its disguised representation. This is the content that an individual would remember when awake. On the other hand the latent content is the true meaning of the dream. Repressed thoughts and unconscious desires are contained and released during sleep but will be disguised and unrecognizable. Latent content goes through a process known as the ‘dream work’ where manifest content is transformed into disguised and distorted latent content. The first defense mechanism is condensation, when two or more latent thought are combined into one unambiguous image or situation. The second defense mechanism is displacement, where an emotion or desire is directed to an unrelated object rather then towards a certain individual in the manifest dream. The third defense mechanism is symbolism where similar content a rise due to the conversion of complex ideas. The last defense mechanism is the final part of the dream work. This is secondary revision where the dreamShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pageswolf to man.† These are the words that surprised millions when Freud first opened the discussion of human nature (Freud). Sigmund Freud, born in 1856 and died in 1939, was known to be the father of psychoanalysis (Jones). He lived his whole life trying to reach into the human unconsciousness and unravel the puzzle of life, human personality, and human nature (Chiriac). 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Freud believed that a work of literature is the external expression of the authors unconscious mind. Therefore, we must treat the work of literature as a dream, then reveal hidden motivations and repressed desires by applying psychoanalytic techniques. In the storyRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Psychoanalytic and Existential/Humanistic Perspectives4364 Words   |  18 Pagespersonality. Those two are the psychoanalytic perspective and the existential/humanistic perspective. Both perspectives are equally important as they play a major role in understanding personality in different ways and explaining them as well. Freud’s psychoanalysis helps us to understand the individual’s personality from its early years right up to adulthood while existential and humanistic theorists p ostulate the interpretation that personality changes throughout the lifetime. 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She would write out everything she had wanted for herself in live and her ultimate dream of becoming a Doctor and how nothing would get in her way. Horney devoted herself to school and believing that, â€Å"If I couldn’t be pretty, I decided I would be smart.† When it was time to further her education and go to high school, Karen argued withRead MorePsychoanalytic Criticism on Emily Dickinson Essay1086 Words   |  5 PagesPsychological criticism is known as the type of criticism that analyses the writer’s work within the realms of Freud’s psychological theories. Such approach can be used when trying to reconstruct an author’s position throughout their literary writings, as well as understanding whom the author was and how their mind created such works. When considering the work of Emily Dickinson, psychoanalytic criticism comes into play with the role of explaining the many meanings behind her poetry, as to make the

Women Suffrage in the 1920’s Free Essays

The 1920’s was a huge struggle for women around the U. S. Huge rallies were formed and outrageous furry was spread city to city. We will write a custom essay sample on Women Suffrage in the 1920’s or any similar topic only for you Order Now All this drama and series of strikes was caused by the women that were eager to have the same rights as everyone else, without and racial or gender profiling against them. But late in that time period, that wasn’t the cause. After numerous protests and the creating of the women’s national party, little did they know but it would soon become a huge success for all women around the globe. The 19th amendment guaranteed women the right to vote, and it went into effect in 1920.It had begun settling rates at levels intended to ensure the industries profits full woman suffrage before 1920, eighth date granted partial woman suffrage before 1920. No woman suffrage until ratification of 19th amendment. Elizabeth caddy staton becomes president of the national women’s suffrage association. Women also began appearing on the political scene and in elected offices. Winifred mason huck of representatives in 1922 was the first. The woman suffrage movement got off to a slow start. Some people threatened women suffragrates, and sold they were unfeminine and immoral. Many if its supports were abolitionists as well.In the years before the civil war abolishing slavery took priority. Many job opportunities were available for women. One of them being the biggest company at the time. They worked as operators at telephone companies. It was a great and easy job and didn’t involve doing much. It was better than staying home completing the daily tasks taken place at what was called, â€Å"A women’s place†, in the 1920’s. Now it was not only at home but also in their workplace. Suffragists march in a 1912 rally in New York City. In 1920, after decades of struggle for the right to vote, the Nineteenth Amendment’s ratification granted female suffrage. How to cite Women Suffrage in the 1920’s, Papers

Common Core free essay sample

Common Core for the Greater Good? Everyone says they can handle change but the reality is not many people do well with change. Changing something can cause massive tribulations and uncertainty in how people react and respond to the change. Altering the way we learn or the way we were taught can decrease someones potential to strive for more because of they may feel lost. The change in education system that is not broken may create decreased test scores rather than the hopes of the common core that it will increase scores. Kids are not Just a test score number they are the future. The Common Core State Standards provide a consistent, clear understanding of what students are expected to learn, so teachers and parents know what they need to do to help them. The standards are designed to be robust and relevant to the real world, reflecting the knowledge and skills that our young people need for success in college and careers. We will write a custom essay sample on Common Core or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With American students fully prepared for the future, our communities will be best positioned to compete successfully in the global economy. (Common core state standards initiative) The new common core standards are doing Just that making people believe it is a great system. Throwing out the old standards of learning to adapt to this new common core without anyones knowledge of what this new way is actually. The people have lost their voice on this matter because it was decided without parents being aware of new standards that would take place in every school. Many teachers were taken out of classes last year and this year to give them extra teachings and education to help them prepare for these new standards of learning. Continuous substitutes to take over the classrooms so teachers would be up to speed but substitutes needed this training as well. It is said that the government had othing to do with the common core standards. It was created by groups of teachers in different states that decided new standards were best for the children. The federal government was not involved in the development of the standards. Local teachers, principals, and superintendents lead the implementation of the Common Core. (Common core state standards initiative) Although findings suggest that the government had involvement in this idea of standards. The presidents Race to the Top program description sounds similar to the mission of the common core. Adopting standards and assessments that prepare students to succeed in college nd the workplace and to compete in the global economy; Building data systems that measure student growth and success, and inform teachers and principals about how they can improve instruction; Recruiting, developing, rewarding, and retaining effective teachers and principals, especially where they are needed most; and Turning around our lowest-achieving schools. (Race to the Top Fund) The government can say they are not involved but they seem to lie over many effects it is simply a people think that there is not much they can do to get this new system out of the schools. (Montana Adopts Common Core State Standards) Common core will turn the new generation into tiny little robots that say and do as told. There is no opportunity for creativity, there is no motivation to learn more, and there is no more creati ve thinking. Kids are supposed to get something out of school like enjoying what they read so it will encourage them to read more. This new education limits what kids can read. With the new program teachers are being told what the children can read and limits on fiction books are becoming a new plan. Instruction in reading has focused primarily on fiction; your school will need to shift to a balance between fiction and informational reading. (Common Core Standards The Reading Writing Project) The idea that kids will develop minds of their own and decide what they want to be based on books that let them dream will soon be gone. Kids will be expected to meet expectations of standardized test while teachers will not be able to focus on those kids that need more time and direction. Not all kids learn the same way this may make finishing school more difficult for struggling children. If everyone allows common core to take over and replace the way kids should be taught no one will be there to advocate for these kids. Some questions have been arising for kids with disabilities. Since every child will be required to learn a standard way how will this work for kids who are unable to learn in these ways? Many children all over have different limits and disabilities on how they can learn not all will be able to perform well. Will all CCSS states use standards-based IEPs? When new state tests are developed to assess students knowledge and skills, which accommodations will be provided to students with IEPs? (Stanberry 2) It will be difficult to apply individual education plans when everyone is suppose to learn the standards the same way. It is

Pardoners Tale Essays - The Canterbury Tales, The Pardoners Tale

Pardoner's Tale The Pardoner's Tale: Deception and Foolishness There are several types of foolishness being described in the Pardoner's Tale itself. He describes gluttony in general, then specifically wine. He talks of gambling, taking bets and the like, and of swearing. The exemplum of his sermon describes three fools who go foolishly seeking death, then find it in a large amount of gold. Deception is another topic addressed by the Pardoner: he comes right out and says that he is a con artist, and that he is out to take people's money. In his tale, deception by the rioters leads to the death of all three. These are good points, but there is another deception the Pardoner plays, and gets caught: his sermon is a direct chastisement of the Host, who is not pleased by this. As a whole, Chaucer effectively uses this character of The Pardoner to point out some of the more foolish and deceptive aspects of other characters in the Tales as well. In the beginning, the Narrator describes The Pardoner in some quite undesirable terms. His is the characterization that comes closest to making a judgement call - in most cases, the judgement is left to the reader. Yet, I trowe he were a gelding or a mare, is hardly non-judgmental (97.693). The Narrator also spends a bit of time describing the different relics and showing the truth of what each relic really is; however, there is a point in his negative description of both the physical and moral aspects of this character. The Pardoner represents the Ugly Truth. The Knight is grand, the Wife is pretty, but the Pardoner is downright ugly. He is also the only pilgrim to acknowledge his shortcomings - he knows he is a con artist and liar, and in his tale's prologue freely admits this in both words and actions. The Pardoner then proceeds with the tale itself, which is a deception as well. In the sermon, he describes gluttony in detail, and defines it as not just overeating, but the intense pleasure of doing so. He also denounces wine, with graphic examples of drunkenness. He discusses the negative merits of swearing and cursing. Then, he closes the sermon itself with a condemnation of gambling. There are several things going on here. The first, most obvious hypocrisy is that before telling this tale, the Pardoner insisted on stopping at an inn for food and beer. He is also partaking in a bet - he who tells the best story wins. However, there is another level. This sermon is retaliation to the Host, who just before asking the Pardoner to speak has been cursing and talking about using beer as medicine to mend his broken heart. It can be suspected that the Host is drunk, as well. However, when addressing the Pardoner, the Host intentionally insults him: 'Thou bel ami, thou Pardoner,' he saide, / 'Tel us som mirthe or japes right anon (165.30-31). The Pardoner, being of rather quick wit, replies: 'It shal be doon,' quod he, 'by Saint Ronion?' (165.33). The reference to St. Ronion is a possible play on runnion, which is possibly defined as a sexual joke (165, footnote 8). Thus, the Host has rather offended the Pardoner, who calls a stop at an inn to think upon som honeste thing whil that I drinke (165.40). This exchange is picked up once again after The Pardoner's Tale is done. Several things from the Tale upset the Host. He is the owner of a tavern, encouraging food and drink. He himself likes to partake of these things. He also swears quite readily, and from the General Prologue, we know the Host was the one to propose the storytelling game in the first place. So, at the end of the Pardoner's Tale, when the Pardoner suggests ?that our Hoste shal biginne, / For he is most envoluped in sinne (178.653-654), it is in direct response to the insult at the beginning of the Pardoner's turn to tell a Tale. This nearly starts a physical fight - the intervention of the Knight prevents this infighting from progressing further. The Pardoner's sermon, while perhaps aimed at the Host, also describes much of the rest of the pilgrimage. After all, Pardoners Tale Essays - The Canterbury Tales, The Pardoners Tale Pardoner's Tale Love and betrayal are two major themes that appeared often in the works selected for this semesters reading. A theme that is seen in both the story of Joseph and Chaucer's The Pardoner's Tale is betrayal with a blend of greed and selfishness. The story of Joseph involved a boy named Joseph and his brothers. Joseph appeared to be his father's favorite and always treated him the best. Joseph's brothers seemed to be angry and mad at the fact that he was getting all the attention and so they plotted a scheme to get rid of Joseph by killing him. Rather than killing Joseph, they sought profit in him. The brothers acted selfishly and so they betray him by selling him to the Ishmeelites for twenty pieces of silver. The Pardoner's Tale is a good example of a story containing these elements. In this story, readers see a group of rioters at a local tavern inn drinking and having a good time. As they look behind them they see a coffin being carried away. The rioters soon find out that it the person in the coffin was a very good friend of theirs. As sad and angry as they are, they set off to find out who has killed their companion. An old man directs the three rioters to a tree down the road and tells them that Death killed their friend. The rioters set out to find Death and kill him in revenge. When they reach the tree, they spot a treasure. They decide to wait until dark to take the findings. While they all wait, one rioter decided to go to town to get them all food. This rioter comes up with an idea that he should kill the other two men and take the treasure for himself. The other two rioters think likewise. They devise a plan to kill the other friend and split the treasure in two parts instead of three. As it is seen in the story of Joseph, his brothers betray him. Because they are jealous of Joseph, their own flesh and blood, they acted selfish and greedy. They wanted to kill him, but selling him for money would benefit them more. The rioters acted similarly. They are all friends who set out on a mission. Once money is brought into the picture, everyone has different feelings. They all plot to kill one another and betray each other because they want a bigger share of the profit. In this case, everyone ends up dead. The one sent to town decides to put poison in the drinks and the rioters left by the tree plot to stab him. When they finally do stab him, they think they are home free. They continue to feast and when they drink they too end up dead. In this case no one was successful. Everyone ends up with nothing. Their greed led them to their death. Unlike the rioters, the betrayal of Joseph by his brothers benefited him in the long run. He ends up interpreting dreams for the Pharaoh of Egypt. The Pardoner's Tale is a good work to incorporate into the syllabus because it teaches a valuable lesson about the relationship of friends and what limits friends go to in order to betray each other. Greed and jealousy are key elements that make someone betray another person. An example of what people are usually greedy about is money. Money is a materialistic item in which everyone wants. When given the right opportunity, one will do anything for it even if it means betraying friends or especially family members. A question that this story raises is How far will people go in order to make themselves happy? In this case the rioters went a far as they possibly could. They plotted to kill each other for something that was not even rightfully theirs. If they had not found the treasure, they would of still been alive. The Pardoner's Tale can easily be connected to the course assignments because although there is betrayal, there is an element of love in it also. Although it is not easily seen, love is shown. The rioters showed love and compassion when they found out that their friend had died. At once they got together to find the person that had killed him. If they did not love or care about this person they would not have even bothered to ask who had gotten killed. This story contradicts the story of Joseph somewhat because although

The History of Public Relations

The History of Public Relations The history of public relations dates back to the revolutionary war in the history of the United States. This was a component of great significance to the development of public relations. Another great input to the development of public relations came from the Creel Committee that was in place during the First World War.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Edward L. Barneys who was a committee member and was later considered by many as the father of public relations. He was part of an intensive verbal and written communications in an effort to gain support for the war. This was rather unusual as information was first time used as weapon of war (Litwin, 2000, 2). There have been a number of personalities who have contributed to the development of public relations. These persons include Ivy Lee who has also been referred by many as the father of publ ic relations. He is known for promoting the slogan ‘’ The public must be informed always’’. Edward Barney was the first to teach a public relations course at the NYU in 1923. Doris Fleisch, the wife of Edward Barney, made great contributions to the industry by encouraging the entry of women into the industry (Letwin, 2000, 2). Public relations can be defined as a function of management that helps to establish and maintain mutual lines of communication between an organisation and the public (Watson, 2002, 2). It involves the cultivating of favourable relations for corporate and its products and public perception. Public relations as an industry is a very complex one involving aspects of detailed research, publicity exercises, aspects of strategic management, development fundraising, management of emerging issues, member or employee relations, organisation of special events and the participation of the public ( Seitel, 2011, 20). An organisation in todayâ₠¬â„¢s business world cannot operate in a vacuum. Maintaining a favourable relationship with the communities in which the organisation works in is crucial. A company that engages in public relations has a lot to gain. For instance, it is a form of promotion that is held in high regard. A company that engages in public relations ensures that the targeted market gets adequate information than would be offered in any other form of promotion (Information centre, 2009, 2). Tobacco Companies Public Relations Tobacco companies in the United States seem to have engaged in a series of   corporate sponsorship and advertising initiatives. These are aimed direct at the sale of tobacco product. The intention of these drives was to cultivate a favourable image in the eyes of the public and especially to the consumers and to the society in general.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn Mo re Following the Master Settlement agreement of 1988 corporate public relations has become of an increasing importance to Tobacco companies not just in America but in the world over (cancer control center, 2010, 179). These companies are interested in influencing public perception to their advantage as well as encourage public interest in the companies’ operations. This helps to increase corporate brand visibility among the targeted consumers and to the market at large. Corporate social responsibility as a strategy by the tobacco companies involve a number of initiatives. These initiatives include involvement in activities where communities are set to benefit, donating to a worthy cause, as well as supporting causes for the minority. This in today’s world has been referred to as ‘’Corporate Social Conscience’’ (Litwin, 2000, 4). Websites of these tobacco companies intentionally seek to address a number of issues with regard to corpora te social responsibility. In the marketplace today, companies that intend to stay in business and make profits should realize that public relations is a necessity. Corporate advertising for the tobacco industry has been practiced for many years although in the recent past corporate image campaigns have been integrated more extensively (Watson, 2002, 3). In October of 1999, Philip Morris, a tobacco company in the United States of America, began its first campaign with the slogan ‘’Working to make a difference. The people of Philip Morris’’. This initiative portrayed the company as one that provides contributions for a big cause to community based organisations and also portrayed the image of a company that puts in an extra measure to stop the sale of cigarettes to the underage (Litwin, 2000, 4). In  2003 the company directed the public to its website on information about preventing smoking in minors, the effects of smoking and help for those who wanted to drop the habit  Corporate advertising has   been used increasingly   by  Philip Morris than another competitor, Marlboro. In the recent past, there has been a call for increased research with more insight with regard to the public image of tobacco companies. A  number of issues   have to be addressed that includes:Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The History of Public Relations specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Improving of public perception of tobacco companies Effects o corporate social responsibility on the jury perceptions Effects on the sales of quitting tobacco products based on the public’s perception Public Perception of Tobacco Companies In the past, the public has had a negative attitude towards the tobacco industry, although after a close analysis the public opinion of individual Tobacco companies is not a uniform one with all the players in the industry. The four largest cig arette manufacturers in the United States include Philip Morris, R.J Reynolds, the Lonllard company and the famous Liggett Group. Very few Americans can directly link the companies to their products in the market. Litigation that is continually increasing in the last couple of years this coupled with the general negative attitude by the public towards the tobacco industry players. This is a challenge that the industry players have to deal with. A number of multibillion lawsuits have been filed against these companies that has led to a dent in the effort to change the public’s attitude towards the companies (cancer control center, 2010, 182). In general, the public tend to develop a negative attitude towards these companies and see the companies as providing the public with wrong information about their products.  This has been due to the lack of awareness by the public in general, about the tobacco industry players and linking one company to its products in the market (Canc er control centre, 2010, 183). Jurors have in the past slapped tobacco companies with damages awards that has affected the performance of the companies and also damaged its reputation. With this background of this, unfavorable aspects of the industry corporate have sought to build a corporate brand image. This is an effort to strengthen as well as to influence the corporate image through the eyes of the public. In order to achieve   this a number of tools that have to be used, which includes press releases, events sponsorship, lobbying, public interest activities and media, releases. Using market media to not only promote positive image of the product but to also enhance and seek to improve the corporate image. Corporate Sponsorship Sponsoring social causes such as sports events, arts exhibitions and galleries, entertainment events and so on is a communication tool often used by corporate   world over. This is often referred to as event marketing used by corporate to build brand equity. Companies invest in this initiatives to increase brand equity. Sponsorship as a tool for communication is generally perceived by the public favourably especially in relation to the product. In the last couple of years, tobacco companies have spent millions of dollars to sponsor social causes in an effort to build brand equity. Corporate  sponsorship is encouraged as companies believe that:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The public is encouraged to show interest in the company as well as the company’s products Promote  beneficial associations with other companies as well The public can identify a company and the company’s products in the market, for a tobacco company, the company’s name is popularized amongst among those in attendance Strengthen the corporate entity as being identified with a particular market The public perceives the company as being aware of social issues affecting communities Companies have a forum to provide support for community development. Corporate sponsorship increase opportunities to promote the companies products Generate exposure by the events being covered by the media, which indeed leads to an even larger audience beyond only those who attended the sponsored event (Cancer control centre, 2010, 185). Corporate brand image association are strengthened when corporate openly engage the public by sponsoring social events. In the past decade, tobacco company sponsorship has been in the interest of educational youth programs and community events. Tobacco Companies Sponsorship and Consumers Attitudes Corporate sponsorship especially tobacco companies, has been an interest of many researchers. It has been discovered that sponsorship in other related industries has had the effect of creating a positive feedback in relation to consumer trends. Social responsibility gives a company a competitive edge because of its good reputation in the eyes of the public (cancer control centre, 2010, 187). This has been used in many markets to set companies apart. Once the public views the public as a pioneer and a trendsetter in its social responsibility policies and this is integrated in the company’s marketing strategy it works in the company’s favor. Just as corporate social responsibility is viewed as a positive thing for a company, the reverse has the opposite effect. Tobacco companies face the challenge that some organisations do not wish to be associated with them. Such organisations cite two reasons: one, the companies would not want to be associated with a tobacco company because it is perceived to undermine its objective to improve overall general health. Two, the organisations are concerned about their reputation if it is involved publicly with a tobacco company will damage the organisations reputation. Corporate Advertising In an effort to improve, the company’s image companies engage in corporate advertising. Unlike corporate sponsorship, corporate advertising aims to enhance the company’s reputation as a great law abiding citizen, influence public opinion of the organisation (Cancer control centre, 2010, 189). This takes the approach of a clear and well directed persuasive deal that intend to show that sponsorship is positively but it affect the public at large. Indirect advocacy employed in corporate advertising and seeks to characterize the organisation as one that is serving publi c interest and its activities are aimed at providing solutions. Various campaigns of tobacco companies such as youth smoking advertisement ( Cancer controls centre, 2010, 192). Conclusion Public relations as a function of management is an important component of any company that seeks to stay in business in today’s market. Public relation as a discipline is continually evolving and shaping the face of corporate America. References Cancer Control Centre. (2010). Tobacco companies’ Public Relations Efforts:  Corporate Sponsorship and Advertising. P. 172_189. Information centre. (2009).  History of Public Relations. Web. Litwin, L. (2002).  The Practice of Public Relations. Web. Seitel, F. P. (2010).  The Practice of Public Relations: New Jersey. Prentice Hall-Pearson. Watson, T. (2002).  History of public Relations. Web.